What are greenhouse gases? And why are they called “greenhouse” gases?

Greenhouse gases are those gases that remain present in the Earth’s atmosphere and absorb the Sun’s heat, preventing it from escaping back into space. These gases contribute to an increase in the Earth’s temperature, which leads to issues like global warming and climate change.

Major Types of Greenhouse Gases:

• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Produced by burning fossil fuels like coal, gas, and oil.
• Methane (CH₄): Released from cattle, waste, and rice cultivation.
• Nitrous Oxide (N₂O): Generated through fertilizers and industrial processes.
• Fluorinated Gases: Used in air conditioners, refrigerators, and various industrial applications.

Why are they called “greenhouse” gases?

A greenhouse is a glass structure used by farmers and gardeners to grow plants during cold seasons. It allows sunlight to enter but prevents the heat from escaping, keeping the inside warm.

Similarly, these specific gases in the Earth’s atmosphere allow sunlight to enter but trap the heat when the Earth tries to release it back into space. As a result, the Earth becomes warmer. Due to this similar process, these gases are called “greenhouse gases.”

Summary:

Greenhouse gases naturally help regulate the Earth’s temperature. However, when their concentration exceeds normal levels, they disturb the environmental balance and contribute to problems such as heatwaves, floods, droughts, and other climate-related issues.